1. 年龄对平衡能力的影响

The effect of 1. age on balance ability

年龄是患者跌倒危险的显著影响因素，老年人机体各器官功能随着年龄增长出现逐渐减退、感觉迟钝、行动迟缓、反应差。平衡能力与年龄的相关性成复杂的曲线关系。

Age is a significant factor in the risk of fall in the patient, and the function of the organs of the elderly is gradually diminished, dull, slow, and poor in response to age. The correlation between balance ability and age is a complex curve.

2. 体型对平衡能力的影响

The effect of 2. body shape on balance ability

有研究结果证实体重与姿势稳定性之间存在很强的关联性。Mitchell 等调查了澳大利亚新南威尔士州大于65 岁的 5681 例老年人的身体质量指数（body mass index,BMI）和过去一年内的跌倒情况，发现肥胖（BMI≥30）的老年个体比健康体重（18.5≤BMI≤24.9）的老年个体的跌倒风险增加了31%。目前，体重对平衡能力的影响主要有两个假说：一是由于较大体重的持续压迫， 使足底机械感受器超活化，导致足底敏感性下降；二是由于较大的体重本身及身体质量的分布比例需要一个更大的转动轴，导致了更大的重力矩。为了保持身体直立，必须有足够的肌肉力矩抵消重力矩，导致了姿势稳定性的下降。

Studies have shown that there is a strong correlation between body weight and postural stability. Mitchell and others investigated the body mass index (body mass index, BMI) and the fall over the past year in 5681 elderly people older than 65 in New South Wales, Australia, and found that obese (BMI > 30) older individuals increased the risk of falling down by 31% than the healthy body weight (18.5 < 18.5 < 24.9 < 24.9). At present, there are two main hypotheses about the influence of weight on balance. One is that the continuous compression of large body weight makes the plantar mechanoreceptor super activated and leads to the decrease of plantar sensitivity; the two is that the larger body weight itself and the proportion of body mass need a larger axis of rotation, resulting in greater heavy torque. In order to keep the body upright, there must be enough muscle torque to counteract the heavy torque, resulting in a decrease in postural stability.